Wednesday, October 14, 2015

Today marked our last day here as a class, how sad! It was a good last day though.

I started off by having an adventure at the post office mailing home a box full of books. Luckily it wasn't too expensive, but I'm not sure if I will ever see those books again. After the post office I had my delicious cherry blossom pancakes again for breakfast so of course my day started off well. I spent the rest of the day mainly doing homework and trying to get my assignments done, until my computer decided to stop working. Luckily by some miracle I backed all of my homework up right before it crashed and had been backing up all the pictures regularly so I didn't lose anything. I spent a large part of the day trying to get it working again, but I eventually got frustrated and didn't want to waste my time in Japan trying to fix technology.

So I walked around our town we were staying in and got some lunch. I'm not sure why, but I really wanted to try the Japanese version of Irish food so I found a nice restaurant, and well, the food wasn't so nice.

They absolutely love fried chicken here! I just don't get it because I don't think it tastes good here at all. But the rest of the food was actually really good, just the spaghetti seemed a little bit misplaced. Irish food with spaghetti and rice... not sure. After lunch I just walked around the Bic Camera which is a rival for the largest electronic store in Japan. So I looked at about a million iPhone cases but couldn't find anything to buy.
At last it was time for our last outing as a group to a very nice dinner. We all dressed up and went to sushi in Shinjuku. We had an eight course meal with unlimited drinks and it was a great time with everyone. And it helped that all of the food was delicious as well.
We ended the night going out in the town in Shinjuku and finally finding a big-eyed photo booth. We have been wanting to find one since the beginning of the trip, but I guess they are really hard to find. We followed the natives into an arcade and on the 5th story was finally an entire floor of photobooths. It was a great way to end the night and yielded some really scary looking results. It has been such an amazing trip and I am ready to embark on a four day journey here on my own! 

June 07, 2015

Day 28: The day I have been waiting for

Finally, the day I have been literally been waiting years for! We traveled to Yokohama to see the Yokohama International Port Terminal. I have studied this building for so long and have dreamed of going since I started school and I was so excited for this day.



What I didn't realize is that we were going to the terminal to watch another series of lectures, but nothing was going to ruin this day for me. It was a beautiful day as well with not a raindrop in sight. I spent awhile walking around the terminal getting completely lost. It was a really cool building and everything I had hoped it would be.

After we spent some time walking around we went inside to listen to the lecture. Not just one lecture, but 6 straight hours of lectures, ugh. But we did get to finally see Kengo Kuma with a good seat and the architect from SANAA, the architect who built the terminal itself and a lot of other influential architects as well so it was worth it to sit there. 
Once the lectures were over we finally got to go back outside! Yay!
From the terminal we walked to the Yokohama China town for dinner and I had some of the best food of my life. It was so cheap too! I had wanted dumplings for awhile so I finally got my pork dumpling and a custard dumpling as well. I wish I could go back here every single day. 
 
For dessert I got almond flavored ice cream and it was no joke the best ice cream I have ever eaten in my life. It does help that I love anything that is flavored with almond, but I have never seen this flavor anywhere else! I guess I liked it so much that I didn't even get a picture of it before I ate it all. After eating we walked around China town a bit and did some shopping because there were a lot of cute stores around. I got some really cute socks here that I had been looking for as well. After China town our night was still not over because we wanted to see the Tower of the Winds by Toyo Ito. Like the ferry terminal, I have been waiting to see this project for years as well so I was very excited.

We finally got there and it was soo beautiful. Not! They didn't even have it turned on! The tower lights up and lighting patterns respond to changes in the wind but there were no lights on what so ever. I was very disappointed, but nothing I could do about it. At least I can say that I've been there. 

June 06, 2015

Day 27: Days are Dwindling

It's day 27 today and that means that are days left here are really coming to an end! But my patience for the rain is also coming to an end as well. Luckily today I didn't forget my umbrella.

We started the morning and another architectural firm, but this artist dealt entirely with paper. He creates installations for shops and museums that are all created from flat pieces of just normal paper. It was really cool to see how he could just cut, fold and glue paper and create objects such as a teddy bear. It was pretty crazy, and of course I can't find any of my pictures of it now. But after we left his office we went back to the bookstore and I bought his book with pictures of all of his work.

In the evening we traveled to the University of Tokyo to watch a lecture and I actually had no idea that Kengo Kuma was going to be there. But I heard someone talking about the Sunny Hills bakery and then I realized it was him! It was a good surprise, but unfortunately we got there late and there was no seating left, and this was my lovely view of Kengo Kuma.

It was still worth it to hear him I guess. We stayed at the lecture for a few hours but eventually we got tired of not being able to really see or hear anything so we decided to go get a nice dinner. 

We had some kind of noodle thing I can't name and dumplings, and sake, and I got some really delicious oolong tea. I'm still not exactly sure what an oolong is, but they love it here and it tastes like a really sweet fruit so I have been ordering a lot of different things with it and they are all very good. 


June 05, 2015

Day 26: Pancake Addiction

Woke up this morning excited for the third and final trip I might ever take to Ueno. At least it is a pretty cool place so I didn't mind going back so many times.

We headed out pretty early but I stopped for a quick breakfast at our hotel cafe before we left. I ordered the "Hawaiian Cherry Blossom" pancakes and oh my god. These are the best pancakes I have ever tasted and quite possibly the most delicious food I have ever eaten in my life. I don't think its the actual pancakes, but the syrup that is on them that tastes absolutely amazing. I am now obsessed and probably going to eat them at least once a day until we leave this place.

Now I can't wait to go to Hawaii someday. Anyways, after my nice breakfast we headed to the park to see my first Le Corbusier building in person, the National Museum of Western Art. As our teacher said "its not his best work, but still one of his." I was pretty excited at least. I could have cared less about most of that art but I really did enjoy the building. At least they finally let us take pictures inside!
It was a little bit disappointing because they didn't let us go upstairs into any of the lofts he designed, but could still see how the whole place was designed to be naturally lit, and his use of materiality. 
Luckily we made it through the morning without any rain, but we had our class today outdoors and it decided to just start pouring. So after the museum not much happened, just went out to dinner at a good noodle place and then stayed inside to keep dry!

June 04, 2015

Day 25: Libraries & Kindergartens

Today was library day I guess! We woke up early and headed out on our travels during rush hour, fun! We were packed on the trains like sardines, but I've realized that even when people are packed on the trains it isn't a bad experience. I have so many nightmares of traveling on the packed trains in San Francisco because everyone is so creepy and all up in your space, or smells bad and it is so hot on the trains and you would rather just get off and walk than endure any more. But in Japan everyone is still very polite and respects your space and no one is bumping into you and no one smells bad.


Anyways, after hours of travel we arrived at the Tama Art University Library by Toyo Ito. They were very uppity about us taking photos so I mainly took them of the exterior. The things I really liked about this library were that it was constructed of catenary arches of all different sizes, and the arches extended from the interior and shaped the exterior of the walls as well. The entire floor was also gently sloped and I think because of this they didn't have any normal chairs. They had really weird stools that were all round at the bottom so they just kind of rolled around on the floor. Also very hard to sit on though.

Once we were done at the library we headed to kindergarten! I thought it was a little bit weird that we were visiting a kindergarten, but I'm really glad we did because we had a lot of fun. We went to Fuji Kindergarten, which I guess has been a case study for awhile now for educational design. They showed us an entire movie on the designs aspects that enhance the children's learning and then we got to walk around the building while the children were just running around us like crazy. The roof of the school is in a ring, so the kids can run around on the roof for hours. They had very little play equipment so that the children would invent games of their own to entertain themselves. 
There they go! My favorite part of the school was a building designed by Peter Cook called "Ring Around a Tree" that was a building well, built around a tree. It was like a really cool tree house, I'm so jealous I didn't get to go to school here!
Phew, here they are finally sitting semi-still. We said goodbye to the kids, which was really sad and headed on for the day. Maybe one day I will design a school so I can play with some kindergarten kids for my job. 
Our last stop was to another library which again allowed no pictures inside. They also had an obscene amount of rules at the Musashino Art University Library. I don't know how I feel about having this many rules for a building because it is a little bit off putting for me. It really restricts me from enjoying the space and just puts a bad taste in my mouth towards the project. But regardless they were very uppity so I didn't take any pictures of the interior. The library was by Sou Fujimoto and it was very beautiful. The walls of the entire place were built of the bookshelves which extended from floor to ceiling. The entire space was also built as a spiral which has again been a case study for making it really easy to find materials. Unfortunately we weren't even allowed to go beyond the second floor so I never got to test this out.

June 03, 2015

Day 24: Post Office Adventures

We were back in class this morning so at least my post will be a lot shorter! When we get together as a class we generally do less during the day because we see a few projects that are pretty far apart from each other instead of when I am on my own I tend to see a lot of stuff that is all right close to each other. But I enjoy traveling as a class and being all together with everyone.

Today we started our morning in the pouring rain, that umbrella that I bought is really coming in handy. He headed to Waseda University to have a guided tour by one of the practicing architects and professors there. We have been to a few Japan architecture schools now and it makes me really love our program more. The schools are really nice and are much bigger than our school but I really enjoy how our studios work and the studio culture that we have going. I definitely wouldn't trade that for anything.



After seeing the school we traveled to St. Mary's Cathedral by Kenzo Tange. Finally not a Buddhist temple! I feel a lot less awkward in a catholic church. The church was incredibly beautiful as well, it is pretty amazing some of the things that architects have done with concrete. I really enjoyed the curved concrete walls that he created and the impressions left by the wooden form work were really amazing.

Our last stop of the day was to see one more project by Sou Fujimoto that we saw the models for at the exhibit previously. The Tokyo Apartments, which I was a little bis disappointed by in person. It could just be because I was very grumpy at this point because we didn't get any lunch for the day. I just expected them to be a lot bigger in person for some reason, so it didn't seem quite as great as I had hoped.
The amount of telephone wires in this city though, wow. Luckily that was our last stop for the day because I was about to eat my own hand off I was so hungry. I stopped for lunch on the way home and then had an experience at a Japanese post office trying to mail some postcards home. Hoping they arrive within the next century. 

June 02, 2015

Day 23: Experiencing a Cat Cafe

Museum day take 2, at least this time they were all open. Started the day off at the zoo because by 9am it was already WAY too hot outside. Our first stop was to see the famous Japanese panda bears. They were so cute, and we got lucky because one of them was actually awake!

They were kind of lazy bums though even so. The rest of the morning we just spent exploring all the areas of the zoo. Major highlights were this tiger:
All of the crazy weird signage:
And the adorable little school children:
After the zoo we stopped at a little cafeteria for lunch and I had the cutest panda bear bread for dessert. It was super delicious as well. I haven't been disappointed by Japanese desserts once yet. 
After lunch I stayed in Ueno park and visited the National Museum of Nature and Science. I was lucky that about half of the museum was closed for renovations because the place was huge, and I stayed until they closed and were forced to kick me out. They had the largest collection of every specimen I have seen from rocks, plants, animals, pine cones, sea shells, butterflies, fungus, mushrooms, bacteria... you name it they had it. It was way overwhelming, but I have realized that I really love going to museums in Japan because I don't feel bad for not reading every little thing because I can't read any of it. Its like reading a book, but only looking at the pictures. Sometimes it is nice to not have to think too much, but I couldn't really understand all of what was going on at the museum.
I saw a lot of skeletons and parts of animal that i just saw alive at the zoo, so I was really glad that we went to the zoo before the nature museum and not after... My favorite area was of course the plant room.
After the museum I needed a little rest from walking around so I decided to go and finally visit a cat cafe. I went to Neku Maru Cat Cafe right next to Ueno station for an experience I will probably never forget. 
The cafe was on the 8th floor of a building so I took the elevator up and then arrived at the front door. I had to take my shoes off and put on cute little cat slippers and then they made me lock up all of my stuff and she told me that they charged by the minute. 
It was definitely not the experience I was expecting at all at a cat cafe. I had imagined that it would just be a normal cafe with food and drinks and then there just happened to be cats roaming around. But no, this was a cat cafe and you paid to sit around in a room full of cats. I walked in and luckily there were other people there already so I didn't feel quite to weird. I sat there trying to get the cats to play with me but none of them seemed very interested. The most exciting thing that happened was one cat jumped down on the water machine and started dispensing hot water while the other cats just stared. 
I think I only stayed here about 20 mins max and then I had to get out. I don't know why they don't have dog cafes because that would be much more entertaining.
After that weird experience I decided to end my night by going to the Tokyo Tower since I didn't get a chance to go while we were living in Roppongi. The Tokyo Tower was inspired by the Eiffel Tower so it does look a little bit similar but this one is supposed to be taller I guess. Personally I think the Eiffel Tower is a lot more impressive, but I had a really great time at the Tokyo Tower as well.
I coincidentally timed it perfectly so I got to the top just in time to watch the sunset. It was still a cloudy day so I didn't get to see Mt. Fuji but I did see Disneyland from the top! On my way back down the tower there just happened to be a Marion Crepes stand, which is the crepe place that the internet suggested I try. So of course I did, and it was the perfect ending to this very busy day. This was our last day off for awhile, back to class tomorrow. 
ვიკიციტატა
„ექვთიმე სპეციალობით არც არქეოლოგი იყო, არც ხელოვნებათა მეცნიერი, არც ისტორიკოსი, არც ქართული ფილოლოგიის სწავლული. მაგრამ იგი იმავე დროს ერთიც იყო, მეორეც, მესამეც და მეოთხეც. სიდიადე მისი სულისა სწორედ აქ არის, — მან თავისი ერის სამსახურისთვის ეს მეცნიერებანი თვით შეისწავლა. იგი იყო „მოხალისე“, „მოყვარული“, მაგრამ ნამდვილი ბატონი საქართველოს წარსულის კვლევის ფართო ნიადაგზედ... იგი იყო განმგრძობი დიმიტრი ბაქრაძის, თავისი უფროსი თანამედროვის თ. ჟორდანიას და სხვათა ღვაწლისა, რომელთაც იგივე მიზანი ხელმძღვანელობდა მათი უანგარო, დაუღალავი და ხანგრძლივი შრომის დროს.“






BMW

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the German automobile and motorcycle manufacturer. For other uses, see BMW (disambiguation).
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Aktiengesellschaft (AG)
Traded as FWBBMW
Industry Automotive
Predecessor Rapp Motorenwerke
Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (BFW)[1]
Automobilwerk Eisenach
Founded March 7, 1916; 99 years ago
Founder Franz Josef Popp, Karl Rapp, Camillo Castiglioni
Headquarters Munich, Bavaria, Germany
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Norbert Reithofer
(Chairman of the Supervisory Board)
Harald Krüger
(Chairman of the Management Board)
Products Luxury vehicles, sports cars, motorcycles, bicycles
Production output
2,117,965 Automobiles (2014)
about 120,000 Motorcycles (2014)
Revenue 80,40 billion (2014)[2]
€8,707 billion (2014)[2]
Profit €3.00 billion (2014)[2]
Total assets €182,72 billion (2015)[2]
Total equity €37,43 billion (2014)[2]
Owner Stefan Quandt: 17.4%
Johanna Quandt: 16.7%
Susanne Klatten: 12.6%
Public float: 53.3%
Number of employees
116,324 (2014)[2]
Divisions Mini
BMW Motorsport
BMW i
BMW Motorrad
Subsidiaries
Slogan "The Ultimate Driving Machine"
Website BMW Group
BMW Automobiles
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (About this sound pronunciation ; English: Bavarian Motor Works), commonly known as BMW or BMW AG, is a German luxury automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. BMW is headquartered in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It also owns and produces Mini cars, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad, and plug-in electric cars under the BMW i sub-brand. BMW is one of the best-selling luxury automakers in the world.[3]

Contents

History

Main article: History of BMW

BMW Headquarters in Munich. The towers and museum are visible in the back right.

BMW Isetta with a front opening door.

BMW model 3/15PS (BMW Dixi) from 1930

BMW 132 engine

BMW 801 engine
BMW was established as a business entity following a restructuring of the [[]] aircraft manufacturing firm in 1917. After the end of World War I in 1918, BMW was forced to cease aircraft-engine production by the terms of the Versailles Armistice Treaty.[4] The company consequently shifted to motorcycle production as the restrictions of the treaty started to be lifted in 1923,[5] followed by automobiles in 1928–29.[6][7][8]
The first car which BMW successfully produced and the car which launched BMW on the road to automobile production was the Dixi, it was based on the Austin 7 and licensed from the Austin Motor Company in Birmingham, England.
BMW's first significant aircraft engine (and commercial product of any sort) was the BMW IIIa inline-six liquid-cooled engine of 1918, much preferred for its high-altitude performance.[9] With German rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines for the Luftwaffe. Among its successful World War II engine designs were the BMW 132 and BMW 801 air-cooled radial engines, and the pioneering BMW 003 axial-flow turbojet, which powered the tiny, 1944–1945–era jet-powered "emergency fighter", the Heinkel He 162 Spatz. The BMW 003 jet engine was first tested as a prime powerplant in the first prototype of the Messerschmitt Me 262, the Me 262 V1, but in 1942 tests the BMW prototype engines failed on takeoff with only the standby Junkers Jumo 210 nose-mounted piston engine powering it to a safe landing.[10][11] The few Me 262 A-1b test examples built used the more developed version of the 003 jet, recording an official top speed of 800 km/h (497 mph). The first-ever four-jet aircraft ever flown, the sixth and eighth prototypes of the Arado Ar 234 jet reconnaissance-bomber, used BMW 003 jets for power. The improving reliability of the 003 as 1944 progressed, earmarked it as the required powerplant for airframe designs competing for the Jägernotprogramm's light fighter production contract, won by the Heinkel He 162 Spatz design. The BMW 003 aviation turbojet also found itself under consideration as the basic starting point for a pioneering turboshaft powerplant for German armored fighting vehicles in 1944–45, as the GT 101.[12] Towards the end of the Third Reich BMW developed some military aircraft projects for the Luftwaffe, the BMW Strahlbomber, the BMW Schnellbomber and the BMW Strahljäger, but none of them were built.[13][14]
By the year 1958, the automotive division of BMW was in financial difficulties and a shareholders meeting was held to decide whether to go into liquidation or find a way of carrying on. It was decided to carry on and to try to cash in on the current economy car boom enjoyed so successfully by some of Germany's ex-aircraft manufacturers such as Messerschmitt and Heinkel. The rights to manufacture the Italian Iso Isetta were bought; the tiny cars themselves were to be powered by a modified form of BMW's own motorcycle engine. This was moderately successful and helped the company get back on its feet. The controlling majority shareholder of the BMW Aktiengesellschaft since 1959 is the Quandt family, which owns about 46% of the stock. The rest is in public float.
BMW acquired the Hans Glas company based in Dingolfing, Germany, in 1966. Glas vehicles were briefly badged as BMW until the company was fully absorbed. It was reputed that the acquisition was mainly to gain access to Glas' development of the timing belt with an overhead camshaft in automotive applications,[15] although some saw Glas' Dingolfing plant as another incentive. However, this factory was outmoded and BMW's biggest immediate gain was, according to themselves, a stock of highly qualified engineers and other personnel.[16] The Glas factories continued to build a limited number of their existing models, while adding the manufacture of BMW front and rear axles until they could be closer incorporated into BMW.[17]

BMW 3-Series (F30)
In 1992, BMW acquired a large stake in California based industrial design studio DesignworksUSA, which they fully acquired in 1995. In 1994, BMW bought the British Rover Group[18] (which at the time consisted of the Rover, Land Rover and MG brands as well as the rights to defunct brands including Austin and Morris), and owned it for six years. By 2000, Rover was incurring huge losses and BMW decided to sell the combine. The MG and Rover brands were sold to the Phoenix Consortium to form MG Rover, while Land Rover was taken over by Ford. BMW, meanwhile, retained the rights to build the new Mini, which was launched in 2001.
Chief designer Chris Bangle announced his departure from BMW in February 2009, after serving on the design team for nearly seventeen years.[19] He was replaced by Adrian van Hooydonk, Bangle's former right-hand man. Bangle was known for his radical designs such as the 2002 7-Series and the 2002 Z4. In July 2007, the production rights for Husqvarna Motorcycles was purchased by BMW for a reported 93 million euros. BMW Motorrad plans to continue operating Husqvarna Motorcycles as a separate enterprise. All development, sales and production activities, as well as the current workforce, have remained in place at its present location at Varese.
In June 2012, BMW was listed as the #1 most reputable company in the world by Forbes.com.[20] Rankings are based upon aspects such as "people's willingness to buy, recommend, work for, and invest in a company is driven 60% by their perceptions of the company and only 40% by their perceptions of their products."

Shareholder structure

by ownership[21] [22]
by types
  • Strategic investors: 46.7%
  • Institutional investors:
    • North America: 15.8%
    • United Kingdom and Ireland: 11.8%
    • Other Europe: 5.7%
    • Germany: 4.8%
    • Rest of the world: 2.5%
  • Other investors: 12.7%

Production


BMW plant in Leipzig, Germany: Spot welding of BMW 3 series car bodies with KUKA industrial robots.
In 2006, the BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 four-wheeled vehicles, which were manufactured in five countries.[23] In 2010, it manufactured 1,481,253 four-wheeled vehicles and 112,271 motorcycles (under both the BMW and Husqvarna brands).[24]
The BMW X3 (E83) was made by Magna Steyr, a subsidiary of Magna of Canada, in Graz, Austria under license from BMW until 2010. More than 45,973 were produced in 2009. Starting October 2010, the new BMW X3 (F25) is produced at BMW US Manufacturing Company, Greer, Spartanburg County, South Carolina.
It is reported that about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced are powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% are powered by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% are four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models.[25] BMW also has local assembly operation using complete knock down components in Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, and India, for 3, 5, 7 series and X3.[21]

Worldwide sales

Vehicles sold in all markets according to BMW's annual reports.
Year BMW MINI Rolls-Royce Motorcycle*
2005 1,126,768 200,428 797 97,474
2006 1,185,088 188,077 805 100,064
2007 1,276,793 222,875 1,010 102,467
2008 1,202,239 232,425 1,212 115,196
2009 1,068,770 216,538 1,002 100,358
2010 1,224,280 234,175 2,711 110,113
2011 1,380,384 285,060 3,538 113,572
2012 1,540,085 301,525 3,575 117,109
2013 1,655,138 305,030 3,630 115,215**
2014 [2] 1,811,719 302,183 4,063 123,495**
*Since 2008, motorcycle productions and sales figures include Husqvarna models. **Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 2013: 59,776 units.

China sales

BMW sells vehicles in China through "more than 440 BMW sales outlets and 100 Mini stores," delivering 415,200 units to this network between January and November 2014.[26]

Annual production

Year BMW MINI Rolls-Royce Motorcycle*
2005 1,122,308 200,119 692 92,013
2006 1,179,317 186,674 847 103,759
2007 1,302,774 237,700 1,029 104,396
2008 1,203,482 235,019 1,417 118,452
2009 1,043,829 213,670 918 93,243
2010 1,236,989 241,043 3,221 112,271
2011 1,440,315 294,120 3,725 118,865
2012 1,547,057 311,490 3,279 125,284
2013 1,699,835 303,177 3,354 110,129

Motorcycles


The R32 motorcycle, the first BMW motor vehicle.

The 2015 BMW R1200RT
BMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I.[27] Its motorcycle brand is now known as BMW Motorrad. Their first successful motorcycle, after the failed Helios and Flink, was the "R32" in 1923. This had a "boxer" twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMWs are still produced in this layout, which is designated the R Series.
During the Second World War, BMW produced the BMW R75 motorcycle with a sidecar attached. Having a unique design copied from the Zündapp KS750, its sidecar wheel was also motor-driven. Combined with a lockable differential, this made the vehicle very capable off-road, an equivalent in many ways to the Jeep.
In 1982, came the K Series, shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven F and G series with single and parallel twin Rotax engines.
In the early 1990s, BMW updated the airhead Boxer engine which became known as the oilhead. In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170 cc and enhanced performance to 100 hp (75 kW) for the R1200GS, compared to 85 hp (63 kW) of the previous R1150GS. More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 98 and 122 hp (73 and 91 kW), respectively.
In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It had an engine producing 167 hp (125 kW), derived from the company's work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever.
BMW introduced anti-lock brakes on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles pave the way for the introduction of electronic stability control, or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year.
BMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an Earles fork, front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly, called swinging arm). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking.
BMW Group, on 31 January 2013 announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought Husqvarna for an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna.

Automobiles

Main article: List of BMW vehicles

New Class

Main article: BMW New Class
The New Class (German: Neue Klasse) was a line of compact sedans and coupes starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977. Powered by BMW's celebrated four-cylinder M10 engine, the New Class models had a fully independent suspension, MacPherson struts in front, and front disc brakes. Initially a family of four-door sedans and two-door coupes, the New Class line was broadened to two-door sports sedans with the addition of the 02 Series 1600 and 2002 in 1966.
Sharing little in common with the rest of the line beyond power train, the sporty siblings caught auto enthusiasts' attention and established BMW as an international brand. Precursors to the famed BMW 3 Series, the two-doors' success cemented the firm's future as an upper tier performance car maker. New Class four-doors with numbers ending in "0" were replaced by the larger BMW 5 Series in 1972. The upscale 2000C and 2000CS coupes were replaced by the six-cylinder BMW E9, introduced in 1969 with the 2800CS. The 1600 two-door was discontinued in 1975, and the 2002 was replaced by the 320i in 1975.

Current models


BMW X1 SDrive 18i

The 1 Series, originally launched in 2004, is BMW's smallest car. Currently available are the second generation hatchback (F20) and first generation coupe/convertible (E82/E88). The 3 Series, a compact executive car manufactured since model year 1975, is currently in its sixth generation (F30); models include the sport sedan (F30), and fourth generation station wagon (F30), and convertible (E93), and the Gran Turismo. In 2014, the 4 Series has been released and replaced the 3 Series Coupe and Convertible. The 5 Series is a mid-size executive car, available in sedan (F10) and station wagon (F11) forms. The 5 Series Gran Turismo (F07), which debuted in 2010, created a segment between station wagons and crossover SUV.[28]

BMW Z4 (E89)
BMW's full-size flagship executive sedan is the 7 Series. Typically, BMW introduces many of their innovations first in the 7 Series, such as the iDrive system. The 7 Series Hydrogen, having one of the world's first hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines, is fueled by liquid hydrogen and emits only clean water vapor. The latest generation (F01) debuted in 2009. Based on the 5 Series' platform, the 6 Series is BMW's grand touring luxury sport coupe/convertible (F12/F13). A 2-seater roadster and coupe which succeeded the Z3, the Z4 has been sold since 2002.

The X3 (F25), BMW's second crossover SUV (called SAV or "Sports Activity Vehicle" by BMW) debuted in 2010 and replaced the X3 (E83), which was based on the E46 3 Series' platform, and had been in production since 2003. Marketed in Europe as an off-roader, it benefits from BMW's xDrive all-wheel drive system. The all-wheel drive X5 (E53) was BMW's first crossover SUV (SAV), based on the 5 Series, and is a mid-size luxury SUV (SAV) sold by BMW since 2000. A 4-seat crossover SUV released by BMW in December 2007, the X6 is marketed as a "Sports Activity Coupe" (SAC) by BMW. The X1 extends the BMW Sports Activity Series model lineup.

The BMW i is a sub-brand of BMW founded in 2011 to design and manufacture plug-in electric vehicles.[29][30] The sub-brand initial plans called for the release of two vehicles; series production of the BMW i3 all-electric car began in September 2013,[31] and the market launch took place in November 2013 with the first retail deliveries in Germany.[32] The BMW i8 sports plug-in hybrid car was launched in Germany in June 2014.[33] As of June 2015, over 30,000 i brand vehicles have been sold worldwide since 2013, consisting of over 26,000 i3s and about 4,500 i8s.[34] The all-electric BMW i3 ranked among the world's top ten best selling plug-in electric vehicles as of May 2015.[35]

M models

Main article: BMW M

BMW M6 (F13)
BMW produce a number of high-performance derivatives of their cars developed by their BMW M GmbH (previously BMW Motorsport GmbH) subsidiary.
The current M models are:
  • M3 – F80 Sedan (2013 to present)
  • M4 – F82 Coupé/F83 Convertible (2013 to present)
  • M5 – F10 Saloon (2011 to present)
  • M6 – F06 Gran Coupé/F12 Convertible/F13 Coupé (2012 to present)
  • X5 M – F15 SAV (2014 to present)
  • X6 M – F16 SAV (2014 to present)

Motorsport

Main article: BMW in motorsport
BMW has been engaged in motorsport activities since the dawn of the first BMW motorcycle in 1923.

Motorsport sponsoring

Motorcycle


BMW S1000RR

Formula One – F1

Main article: BMW in Formula One

BMW Sauber F1 Team Logo.

BMW first entered Formula One as a full-fledged team in 2006.
BMW has a history of success in Formula One. BMW powered cars have won 20 races. In 2006 BMW took over the Sauber team and became Formula One constructors. In 2007 and 2008 the team enjoyed some success. The most recent win is a lone constructor team's victory by BMW Sauber F1 Team, on 8 June 2008, at the Canadian Grand Prix with Robert Kubica driving. Achievements include:
  • Driver championship: 1 (1983)
  • Constructor championship: 0 (Runner-up 2002, 2003, 2007)
  • Fastest laps: 33
  • Grand Prix wins: 20
  • Podium finishes: 76
  • Pole positions: 33
BMW was an engine supplier to Williams, Benetton, Brabham, and Arrows. Notable drivers who have started their Formula One careers with BMW include Jenson Button, Juan Pablo Montoya, Robert Kubica and Sebastian Vettel.
In July 2009, BMW announced that it would withdraw from Formula One at the end of the 2009 season.[39] The team was sold back to the previous owner, Peter Sauber, who kept the BMW part of the name for the 2010 season due to issues with the Concorde Agreement. The team has since dropped BMW from their name starting in 2011.

Sport cars

Touring cars

BMW has a long and successful history in touring car racing.
BMW announced on 15 October 2010 that it will return to touring car racing during the 2012 season. Dr. Klaus Draeger, director of research and development of the BMW Group, who was in charge of the return to DTM racing (Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters), commented that "The return of BMW to the DTM is a fundamental part of the restructuring of our motorsport activities. With its increased commitment to production car racing, BMW is returning to its roots. The race track is the perfect place to demonstrate the impressive sporting characteristics of our vehicles against our core competitors in a high-powered environment. The DTM is the ideal stage on which to do this."[41]

Rally

Sponsorships

In football, BMW sponsors Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt.[42]
It was an official sponsor of the London 2012 olympics providing 4000 BMWs and Minis in a deal made in November 2009.[43] The company also made a six-year sponsorship deal with the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) in July 2010.[44]
BMW has sponsored various European golf events such as the PGA Championship at Wentworth, the BMW Italian Open and the BMW International Open in Germany.[45]
In 2012, BMW Australia announced a 2-year sponsorship agreement with the Australian Film Institute’s Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA) Awards. As part of the agreement, BMW supplied a fleet of vehicles renowned for appearing in feature films.[46] The vehicles supplied included a range of elegant BMW limousines, iconic BMW’s of the past and the BMW 6 Series which featured in Mission Impossible 4: Ghost Protocol.

Environmental record

The company is a charter member of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Environmental Achievement Track, which recognizes companies for their environmental stewardship and performance.[47] It is also a member of the South Carolina Environmental Excellence Program.[48]
In 2012, BMW was named the world's most sustainable automotive company for the eighth consecutive year by the Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes. The BMW Group is the only automotive enterprise in the index since its inception in 1999. In 2001, the BMW Group committed itself to the United Nations Environment Programme, the UN Global Compact and the Cleaner Production Declaration. It was also the first company in the automotive industry to appoint an environmental officer, in 1973.[49] BMW is a member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.[50]
BMW is industry leader in the Carbon Disclosure Project's Global 500 ranking and 3rd place in Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index across all industries. BMW is listed in the FTSE4GoodIndex. The BMW Group was rated the most sustainable DAX 30 company by Sustainalytics in 2012.[51]
BMW has taken measures to reduce the impact the company has on the environment. It is trying to design less-polluting cars by making existing models more efficient, as well as developing environmentally friendly fuels for future vehicles. Possibilities include: electric power, hybrid power (combustion engines and electric motors) hydrogen engines.[52]
BMW offers 49 models with EU5/6 emissions norm and nearly 20 models with CO2 output less than 140 g/km, which puts it on the lowest tax group and therefore could provide the future owner with eco-bonus offered from some European countries.
However, there have been some criticisms directed at BMW, and in particular, accusations of greenwash in reference to their BMW Hydrogen 7. Some critics claim that the emissions produced during hydrogen fuel production outweigh the reduction of tailpipe emissions, and that the Hydrogen 7 is a distraction from more immediate, practical solutions for car pollution.[53] The BBC's Jorn Madslien questioned whether the Hydrogen 7 was "a truly green initiative or merely a cynical marketing ploy" [54]

Bicycles

BMW has created a range of high-end bicycles sold online and through dealerships. They range from the Kid's Bike to the EUR 4,499 Enduro Bike.[55] In the United States, only the Cruise Bike and Kid's Bike models are sold.

BMW nomenclature


BMW M5 (F10)

BMW 730d xDrive (F01)

BMW X5 (F15)

BMW X6 (E71)
BMW vehicles follow a certain nomenclature; usually a 3 digit number is followed by 1 or 2 letters. The first number represents the series number. The next two numbers traditionally represent the engine displacement in cubic centimeters divided by 100.[56] However, more recent cars use those two numbers as a performance index, as e.g. the 116i, 118i and 120i (all 2,0L petrol-powered), just like the 325d and 330d (both 3,0L diesel) share the same motor block while adjusting engine power through setup and turbocharging. A similar nomenclature is used by BMW Motorrad for their motorcycles.
The system of letters can be used in combination, and is as follows:
historic nomenclature indicating "td" refers to "Turbo Diesel", not a diesel hatchback or touring model (524td, 525td)
†† typically includes sport seats, spoiler, aerodynamic body kit, upgraded wheels and Limit Slip Differential on pre-95 model etc.
For example, the BMW 750iL is a fuel-injected 7 Series with a long wheelbase and 5.4 litres of displacement. This badge was used for successive generations, E65 and F01, except the "i" and "L" switched places, so it read "Li" instead of "iL".
When 'L' supersedes the series number (e.g. L6, L7, etc.) it identifies the vehicle as a special luxury variant, having extended leather and special interior appointments. The L7 is based on the E23 and E38, and the L6 is based on the E24.
When 'X' is capitalised and supersedes the series number (e.g. X3, X5, etc.) it identifies the vehicle as one of BMW's Sports Activity Vehicles (SAV), their brand of crossovers, with BMW's xDrive. The second number in the 'X' series denotes the platform that it is based upon, for instance the X5 is derived from the 5 Series. Unlike BMW cars, the SAV's main badge does not denote engine size; the engine is instead indicated on side badges.
The 'Z' identifies the vehicle as a two-seat roadster (e.g. Z1, Z3, Z4, etc.). 'M' variants of 'Z' models have the 'M' as a suffix or prefix, depending on country of sale (e.g. 'Z4 M' is 'M Roadster' in Canada).
Previous X & Z vehicles had 'i' or 'si' following the engine displacement number (denoted in litres). BMW is now globally standardising this nomenclature on X & Z vehicles by using 'sDrive' or 'xDrive' (simply meaning rear or all-wheel drive, respectively) followed by two numbers which vaguely represent the vehicle's engine (e.g. Z4 sDrive35i is a rear-wheel-drive Z4 roadster with a 3.0 L twin-turbo fuel-injected engine).[57]
BMW last used the 's' for the E36 328is, which ceased production in 1999. However, the 's' nomenclature was brought back on the 2011 model year BMW 335is and BMW Z4 sDrive35is. The 335is is a sport-tuned trim with more performance and an optional dual clutch transmission that slots between the regular 335i and top-of-the-line M3.[58][59]
The 'M' – for Motorsport – identifies the vehicle as a high-performance model of a particular series (e.g. M3, M5, M6, etc.). For example, the M6 is the highest performing vehicle in the 6 Series lineup. Although 'M' cars should be separated into their respective series platforms, it is very common to see 'M' cars grouped together as its own lineup on the official BMW website.

Exceptions

There are exceptions to the numbering nomenclature.[60]
The M version of the BMW 1 Series was named the BMW 1 Series M Coupe rather than the traditional style "M1" due to the possible confusion with BMW's former BMW M1 homologation sports car.
The M versions of the Sports Activity Vehicles, such as the X5 M, could not follow the regular naming convention since MX5 was used for Mazda's MX-5 Miata.
For instance in the 2008 model year, the BMW 125i/128i, 328i, and 528i all had 3.0 naturally aspirated engines (N52), not a 2,500 cc or 2,800 cc engine as the series designation number would lead one to believe. The '28' is to denote a detuned engine in the 2008 cars, compared to the 2006 model year '30' vehicles (330i and 530i) whose 3.0 naturally aspirated engines are from the same N52 family but had more output.
The 2008 BMW 335i and 535i also have 3.0-litre engine; however the engines are twin-turbocharged (N54) which is not identified by the nomenclature. Nonetheless the '35' indicates a more powerful engine than previous '30' models that have the naturally aspirated N52 engine. The 2011 BMW 740i and 335is shares the same twin-turbo 3.0 engine from the N54 family but tuned to higher outputs, although the badging is not consistent ('40' and 's'). The 2013 BMW 640i Gran Coupe's twin-scroll single turbo 3.0L inline-6 engine makes similar output to the older twin turbo inline-6 engines.[61]
The E36 and E46 323i and E39 523i had 2.5-litre engines. The E36 318i made after 1996 has a 1.9 L engine (M44) as opposed to the 1.8 L (M42) used in the 1992 to 1995 models. The E39 540i had a 4.4 L M62 engine, instead of a 4.0 L as the designation would suggest.
The badging for recent V8 engines (N62 and N63) also does not indicate displacement, as the 2006 750i and 2009 750i have 4800 cc (naturally aspirated) and 4400 cc (twin-turbocharged) engines, respectively.

Carsharing services

In June 2011, BMW and Sixt launched Drivenow, a joint-venture that provides carsharing services in several cities in Europe and North America. As of December 2012, DriveNow operates over 1,000 vehicles, which serve five cities worldwide and over 60,000 customers.[62]

Light and Charge

BMW has developed street lights equipped with sockets to charge electric cars, called Light and Charge.[63]

Community


BMW logo sign in Düsseldorf
From the summer of 2001 until October 2005, BMW hosted The Hire, showcasing sporty models being driven to extremes.[64] These videos are still popular within the enthusiast community and proved to be a ground-breaking online advertising campaign.
Annually since 1999, BMW enthusiasts have met in Santa Barbara, CA to attend Bimmerfest. One of the largest brand-specific gatherings in the U.S., over 3,000 people attended in 2006, and over 1,000 BMW cars were present. In 2007, the event was held on 5 May.

BMW slang

The initials BMW are pronounced [ˈbeː ˈɛm ˈveː] in German.[65] The model series are referred to as "Einser" ("One-er" for 1 series), "Dreier" ("Three-er" for 3 series), "Fünfer" ("Five-er" for the 5 series), "Sechser" ("Six-er" for the 6 series), "Siebener" ("Seven-er" for the 7 series). These are not actually slang, but are the normal way that such letters and numbers are pronounced in German.[66]
The English slang terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are variously used for BMWs of all kinds,[67][68] cars and motorcycles.[69][70]
In the US, specialists have been at pains to prescribe that a distinction must be made between using Beemer exclusively to describe BMW motorcycles, and using Bimmer only to refer to BMW cars,[71][72][73] in the manner of a "true aficionado"[74] and avoid appearing to be "uninitiated."[75][76] The Canadian Globe and Mail prefers Bimmer and calls Beemer a "yuppie abomination,"[77] while the Tacoma News Tribune says it is a distinction made by "auto snobs."[78] Using the wrong slang risks offending BMW enthusiasts.[79][80][81] An editor of Business Week was satisfied in 2003 that the question was resolved in favor of Bimmer by noting that a Google search yielded 10 times as many hits compared to Beemer.[82]

The arts


1975 BMW 3.0CSL painted by Alexander Calder
Manufacturers employ designers for their cars, but BMW has made efforts to gain recognition for exceptional contributions to and support of the arts, including art beyond motor vehicle design. These efforts typically overlap or complement BMW's marketing and branding campaigns.[83] BMW Headquarters designed in 1972 by Karl Schwanzer has become a European icon,[84] and artist Gerhard Richter created his Red, Yellow, Blue series of paintings for the building's lobby.[85][86] In 1975, Alexander Calder was commissioned to paint the 3.0CSL driven by Hervé Poulain at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. This led to more BMW Art Cars, painted by artists including David Hockney, Jenny Holzer, Roy Lichtenstein, and others. The cars, currently numbering 17, have been shown at the Louvre, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, and, in 2009, at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and New York's Grand Central Terminal.[84] BMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998 The Art of the Motorcycle exhibition at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and other Guggenheim museums, though the financial relationship between BMW and the Guggenheim was criticised in many quarters.[87][88]
In 2012, BMW brought out the BMW Art Guide by Independent Collectors, which had, amongst others, the Dikeou Collection. It is the first global guide to private and publicly accessible collections of contemporary art worldwide.[citation needed]
The 2006 "BMW Performance Series" was a marketing event geared to attract black car buyers, and included the "BMW Pop-Jazz Live Series," a tour headlined by jazz musician Mike Phillips, and the "BMW Blackfilms.com Film Series" highlighting black filmmakers.[89]

April Fools

BMW has garnered a reputation over the years for its April Fools pranks, which are printed in the British press every year. In 2010, they ran an advert announcing that customers would be able to order BMWs with different coloured badges to show their affiliation with the political party they supported.

Overseas subsidiaries

Brazil

On October 9, 2014, BMW's new South American automobile plant in Araquari, Santa Catarina produced its first car. BMW intend to increase its production capacity to over 30,000 vehicles a year. The new site is intended to create around 1,300 new jobs, of which 500 have already been filled.[90]

Canada

In October 2008, BMW Group Canada was named one of Greater Toronto's Top Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc., which was announced by the Toronto Star newspaper.[91]

China

Main article: BMW Brilliance
Signing a deal in 2003 for the production of sedans in China,[92] May 2004 saw the opening of a factory in the North-eastern city of Shenyang where Brilliance Auto produces BMW-branded automobiles[93] in a joint venture with the German company.[94]

Egypt

Bavarian Auto Group is a multinational group of companies established in March 2003 when it was appointed as the sole importer of BMW and Mini in Egypt, with monopoly rights for import, assembly, distribution, sales and after-sales support of BMW products in Egypt. Since that date, BAG invested a total amount of US$100 million distributed on seven companies and 11 premises in addition to three stores.

India

BMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary in Gurgaon (National Capital Region). A state-of-the-art assembly plant for BMW 3 and 5 Series started operation in early 2007 in Chennai. Construction of the plant started in January 2006 with an initial investment of more than one billion Indian Rupees. The plant started operation in the first quarter of 2007 and produces the different variants of BMW 3 Series, BMW 5 Series, BMW 7 Series, BMW X1, BMW X3, Mini Cooper S, Mini Cooper D and Mini Countryman.[95]

Japan

Yanase Co., Ltd. is the exclusive retailer of all imported BMW (passenger cars and motorcycles) products to Japanese consumers, and has had the exclusive rights to do so since the end of World War II.

Mexico

In July 2014 BMW announced it was establishing a plant in Mexico, in the city and state of San Luis Potosi involving an investment of $1 billion. Taking advantage of lower wages in the country, and the terms of free trade agreements Mexico has with a host of other countries, were the motivating factors the company said. The plant will employ 1,500 people, and produce 150,000 cars annually, commencing in 2019.[96]

South Africa

BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,[97] when Praetor Monteerders' plant was opened in Rosslyn, near Pretoria. BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company became BMW South Africa, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Three unique models that BMW Motorsport created for the South African market were the E23 M745i (1983), which used the M88 engine from the BMW M1, the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder 3.2-litre M30 engine to the E30,[98] and the E30 BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an Alpina-derived 2.7-litre engine.
Unlike U.S. manufacturers, such as Ford and GM, which divested from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa. Following the end of apartheid in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5-Series and 7-Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3-Series for the export market. South African–built BMWs are now exported to right hand drive markets including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as Sub-Saharan Africa. Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in left-hand drive for export to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America.
BMWs with a VIN starting with "NC0" are manufactured in South Africa.

United States


BMW Spartanburg factory
The BMW Manufacturing Company opened in 1994 and has been manufacturing all Z4 and X5 models, and more recently the X6 and X3, including those for export to Europe, on the same assembly line in Greer near Spartanburg.[99] In an average work day the company builds 600 vehicles: 500 X5s and 100 Z4s. The engines for these vehicles are built in Munich, Germany. BMWs with a VIN starting with "4US and 5US" are manufactured at Spartanburg.
In 2010 BMW announced that it would spend $750 million to expand operations at the Greer plant. This expansion will allow production of 240,000 vehicles a year and will make the plant the largest car factory in the United States by number of employees.[100] BMW's largest single market is the United States.
Currently, the facility produces all BMW X3, X4, X5, X5 M, X6 and X6 M models.[101]

Marketing

BMW began using the slogan 'The Ultimate Driving Machine' in the 1970s. In 2010, this long-lived campaign was mostly supplanted by 'Joy', a campaign intended to make the brand more "approachable" and to better appeal to women, but by 2012 they had returned to "The Ultimate Driving Machine", which has a strong public association with BMW.[102]

In 2013, BMW replaced the 'double-gong' sound used in TV and Radio advertising campaigns since 1998. The new sound, developed to represent the future identity of BMW, was described as "introduced by a rising, resonant sound and underscored by two distinctive bass tones that form the sound logo's melodic and rhythmic basis."[103] The new sound was first used in BMW 4 Series Concept Coupe TV commercial.[104] The sound was produced by Thomas Kisser of HASTINGS media music.[105]


The round BMW logo used for all models
The circular blue and white BMW logo or roundel evolved from the circular Rapp Motorenwerke company logo, from which the BMW company grew, combined with the blue and white colors of the flag of Bavaria.[106] The logo has been portrayed as the movement of an aircraft propeller with the white blades cutting through a blue sky—first used in a BMW advertisement in 1929, twelve years after the roundel was created—but this is not the origin of the logo itself.[107]

Issues

Theft using OBD, 2012

In 2012, BMW vehicles were stolen by programming a blank key fob to start the car through the on-board diagnostics (OBD) connection.[108][109][110] The primary causes of this vulnerability lie in the lack of appropriate authentication and authorization in the OBD specifications, which rely largely on security through obscurity.[111]

ConnectedDrive, 2010-2014

Dieter Spaar was asked by ADAC to analyze ConnectedDrive and its hardware called Combox. He uncovered the following problems which allowed him e.g. to remotely open the car:[112]
  • BMW uses the same symmetric keys in all cars.
  • some services do not encrypt transported data while connecting to the BMW backend.
  • the integrity of the ConnectedDrive configuration is not protected.
  • the Combox discloses the vehicle identification number via NGTP (next generation telematics pattern) error messages.
  • data sent via SMS in NGTP format are encryped via the nowadays unsecure DES.
  • the Combox does not protect against replay attacks.
BMW was notified in advance of the publication to provide fixes. The transport is now encrypted and BMWs server certificate is verified. The updates were delivered via ConnectedDrive config change. All BMW, Mini and Rolls Royce cars produced between March 2010 and 8 December 2014 are vulnerable. Cars without battery or parked in places without mobile connection still may be vulnerable, an update can be initiated manually.

See also


References











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  • "BMW extends sponsorship of Wentworth PGA event". Sportbusiness.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2011.

  • "BMW Australia". www.bmw.com.au. Retrieved 2015-08-27.

  • "Performance Track Final Progress Report" (PDF). EPA. May 2009. Retrieved 25 December 2013.

  • Sauer, Paul. "Ultimate Factories". Facts: BMW. National Geographic. Retrieved 24 December 2013.

  • "BMW Group once again sector leader in Dow Jones Sustainability Index". bmwgroup.com.

  • http://www.wbcsd.org/about/members/members-list-region.aspx

  • BMW Group (16 May 2014). "BMW Group : Sustainable Value Report 2012 : Sustainability management". bmwgroup.com.

  • Bird, J and Walker, M: "BMW A Sustainable Future? ", page 11. Wild World 2005

  • Christian Wüst (17 November 2006). "BMW's Hydrogen 7: Not as Green as it Seems – SPIEGEL ONLINE". Spiegel.de. Retrieved 29 September 2013.

  • http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6154212.stm BMW's hydrogen car: Beauty or beast?

  • "BMW Online Shop". Shop.bmwgroup.com. 21 March 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.

  • Interone Worldwide GmbH. "BMW Canada – The Ultimate Driving Experience". Bmw.ca. Retrieved 29 September 2013.

  • FAQ from the BMW Z4 Press Conference, as reported by BMWBLOG, 8 May 2009. http://www.bmwblog.com/2009/05/08/faq-from-the-recent-bmw-press-conference

  • "Preview: 2011 BMW 335is Coupe – Posted Driving". Network.nationalpost.com. Retrieved 28 August 2010.[dead link]

  • Cunningham, Wayne (13 July 2010). "2011 BMW 335is (photos) – CNET Reviews". Reviews.cnet.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2010.

  • http://www.mrbimmer.com/bmw.information

  • "First Drive: 2013 BMW 640i Gran Coupe – Automobile Magazine". Automobilemag.com. Retrieved 29 September 2013.

  • "BMW Group takes top prize at the 2012 Corporate Entrepreneur Awards for premium car-sharing joint venture DriveNow. Jury impressed by willingness to trial new models of mobility". Electricdrive.org. 30 October 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2013.

  • "BMW develops street lights with electric car-charging sockets". Reuters.

  • "BMW Films". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.

  • Stevens Sheldon, Edward (1891). "A short German grammar for high schools and colleges". Heath. p. 1.

  • Schmitt, Peter A (2004). Langenscheidt Fachwörterbuch Technik und Angewandte Wissenschaften: Englisch – Deutsch / Deutsch – Englisch (2nd ed.). Langenscheidt Fachverlag. ISBN 978-3-86117-233-8.

  • "Bee em / BMW Motorcycle Club of Victoria Inc". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 23 October 2009.

  • "No Toupees allowed". Bangkok Post. October 2, 2009. Retrieved October 24, 2009.[dead link]

  • Lighter, Jonathan E. (1994). Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G 1. Random House. pp. 126–7. ISBN 978-0-394-54427-4. Beemer n. [BMW + ''er''] a BMW automobile. Also Beamer. 1982 S. Black Totally Awesome 83 BMW ("Beemer"). 1985 L.A. Times (13 April) V 4: Id much rather drive my Beemer than a truck. 1989 L. Roberts Full Cleveland 39: Baby boomers... in... late-model Beemers. 1990 Hull High (NBC-TV): You should ee my dad's new Beemer. 1991 Cathy (synd. cartoon strip) (21 April): Sheila... [ground] multi-grain snack chips crumbs into the back seat of my brand-new Beamer! 1992 Time (18 May) 84: Its residents tend to drive pickups or subcompacts, not Beemers or Rolles.

  • Lighter, Jonathan E. (1994). Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G 1. Random House. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-394-54427-4. Bimmer n. Beemer.

  • "Bimmer vs. Beemer". boston-bmwcca.org. Archived from the original on 1 July 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2007.

  • Duglin Kennedy, Shirley (2005). The Savvy Guide to Motorcycles. Indy Tech Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7906-1316-1. Beemer – BMW motorcycle; as opposed to Bimmer, which is a BMW automobile.

  • Yates, Brock (12 March 1989). "You Say Porsch and I Say Porsch-eh". The Washington Post. p. w45. 'Bimmer' is the slang for a BMW automobile, but 'Beemer' is right when referring to the company's motorcycles.[dead link]

  • Morsi, Pamela (2002). Doing Good. Mira. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-55166-884-0. True aficionados know that the nickname Beemer actually refers to the BMW motorcycle. Bimmer is the correct nickname for the automobile

  • Herchenroether, Dan; SellingAir, LLC (2004). Selling Air: A Tech Bubble Novel. SellingAir, LLC. ISBN 978-0-9754224-0-3.

  • Hoffmann, Peter (1998). "Hydrogen & fuel cell letter". Peter Hoffmann. For the uninitiated, a Bimmer is a BMW car, and a Beemer is a motorcycle.

  • English, Bob (7 April 2009). "Why wait for spring? Lease it now". Globe and Mail (Toronto, CA: CTVglobemedia Publishing). Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. If you're a Bimmer enthusiast (not that horrible leftover 1980s yuppie abomination Beemer), you've undoubtedly read the reviews,

  • THE NOSE: FWay students knew who they were voting for in school poll :[South Sound Edition]. 25 October 2002. The News Tribune,p. B01. Retrieved 6 July 2009, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID: 223030831) |quote=We're told by auto snobs that the word 'beemer' actually refers to the BMW motorcycle, and that when referring to a BMW automobile, the word's pronounced 'bimmer.'

  • 25-Wed-2005/news/26427972.html "ROAD WARRIOR Q&A: Freeway Frustration" Check |url= scheme (help). Las Vegas Review-Journal. 25 May 2005. I was informed a while back that BMW cars are 'Bimmers' and BMW motorcycles are 'Beemers' or 'Beamers.' I know that I am not here to change the world's BMW jargon nor do I even own a BMW, but I thought I would pass along this bit of info as not to offend the car enthusiast that enlightened me.

  • "GWINNETT VENT.(Gwinnett News)". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Atlanta, GA). 11 February 2006. p. J2. It is Bimmers people, Bimmers. Not Beamers, not Beemers. Just Bimmers. And start pronouncing it correctly also.
    No, it's BMWs, not Bimmers.
    WOW! Some Beamer driver must be having a bad hair day.

  • Zesiger, Sue (26 June 2000). "Why Is BMW Driving Itself Crazy? The Rover deal was a dog, but it didn't cure BMW's desire to be a big-league carmaker—even if that means more risky tactics". Fortune Magazine (CNN). Bimmers (yes, it's 'Bimmer' for cars—the often misused 'Beemer' refers only to the motorcycles).

  • "International – Readers Report. Not All BMW Owners Are Smitten". Business Week (The McGraw-Hill Companies). 30 June 2003. Editor's note: Both nicknames are widely used, though Bimmer is the correct term for BMW cars, Beemer for BMW motorcycles. A Google search yields approximately 10 times as many references to Bimmer as to Beemer.

  • "BMW Commissions Artists for Auto Werke Art Project". Art Business News 27 (13). 2000. p. 22.

  • Patton, Phil (12 March 2009). "These Canvases Need Oil and a Good Driver". The New York Times. p. AU1.

  • Friedel, Helmut; Storr, Robert (2007). Gerhard Richter: Red – Yellow – Blue. Prestel. ISBN 978-3-7913-3860-6.

  • Shea, Christopher (27 March 2009), "Action Painting, motorized", The Boston Globe

  • ""Economist, The (US) (21 April 2001). "When merchants enter the temple; Marketing museums". The Economist Newspaper and The Economist Group.

  • Vogel, Carol (3 August 1998). "Latest Biker Hangout? Guggenheim Ramp". The New York Times. p. A1.

  • "BMW arts series aims at black consumers". Automotive News 80 (6215). 7 August 2006. p. 37.

  • "BMW Group assembles first car in Brazil". press.bmwgroup.com. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.

  • "Reasons for Selection, 2009 Greater Toronto's Top Employers Competition". Eluta.ca. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2013.

  • General Overview Brilliance Auto Official Site

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  • Brands and Products > BMW Sedan Brilliance Auto Official Site

  • Interone Worldwide GmbH (11 December 2006). "International BMW website". Bmw.in. Archived from the original on 17 April 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.

  • "Joining rivals, BMW to set up $1bn plant in Mexico". Mexico Star. Retrieved 28 June 2014.

  • "Corporate Information: History". BMW South Africa.

  • "BMW South Africa – Plant Rosslyn". Bmwplant.co.za. Retrieved 11 April 2009.

  • "Out with the old, in with the new" (Press release). BMW AG. 16 October 2006. Retrieved 4 September 2008.

  • Bennett, Jeff (14 October 2010). "BMW to Expand Plant in South Carolina". The Wall Street Journal. p. B5.

  • "BMW Plant Spartanburg leads U.S. auto exports". Roundel (BMW Car Club of America): 30. April 2015. ISSN 0889-3225.

  • "BMW Still the Ultimate Driving Machine". Forbes.com. 31 May 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2013.

  • Sofia Johansson (22 March 2013). "BMW Updates Their Iconic Sound Logo". PSFK. Retrieved 29 September 2013.

  • "BMW Introduces New Sound Logo". Autoevolution.com. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2013.

  • "New sound logo for BMW revealed". Motortorque.com. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2013.

  • BMW. "The origin of the BMW logo". Retrieved 29 December 2011.

  • Stephen Williams (7 January 2010). "BMW Roundel: Not Born From Planes". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 December 2011.

  • Titcomb, James (6 July 2012). "Alarming moment thieves silently steal BMW by programming a blank key that cost just £70 in new crime trend sweeping Britain". London: Daily Mail. Retrieved 23 August 2012.

  • "Pistonheads report into thefts via obd". Retrieved 2 July 2012.

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  • Van den Brink, Rob. "Dude, Your Car is Pwnd" (PDF). SANS Institute.


  • External links














    Photography: documentary and autonomous

    donderdag, september 10, 2015

    Showing my work in TAC Eindhoven


    Friday-Saturday 13-21u
    Sunday 13-17u
    TAC
    Vonderweg 1
    Eindhoven

    I love my workspace.


     Studio ARTCORE Eindhoven.

    dinsdag, juli 07, 2015

    AK47 vs ART

    6 days left until July 12th to see my work at the AK47 exhibition in Artspace Flipside Eindhoven.

    vrijdag, mei 22, 2015

    I design suits for fun. My Rotten Banana suit ended up in The Designhuis in Eindhoven.

    more info about exhibition and artist Jim Ricks

    dinsdag, mei 05, 2015

    so I pimped their furniture..


    My roommate wiping of her mouth..


    zondag, februari 08, 2015

    Vice published my work made in Detroit.

    vrijdag, oktober 17, 2014

    Change in progress...



    donderdag, juli 17, 2014

    Seun Kuti & Fela's Egypt 80 played at Concert of Colors in Detroit.


    Really enjoyed the wild energy of this influential band founded by the famous Fela Kuti. The vibe of the band brings you in the jungle of Afrika or an political conflict in the streets of Nigeria. Seun jumps over the the stage and talks to the audience in a way I never experienced. Super beautiful authentic hard fulfilling FREE concert!

    woensdag, juli 16, 2014

    Epic performance at DIY Festival DETROIT

    artist Tunde Olaniran

    Custom made in the D


    Former White Stripes mansion Detroit 2010-2014


    maandag, juli 14, 2014

    Graffit Transform Detroit 2010-2014




    woensdag, juli 09, 2014

    You better run for your life Lois Lane!


    vrijdag, mei 30, 2014

    work in progress...


    vrijdag, mei 16, 2014

    Hide and seek.

    In Detroit where I'm staying right now it does not feel comfortable to snap pictures on the street. People look weird at me and ask what the hell I'm doing?! Sometimes they come after me and follow me for a couple blocks. So I found myself a way to be discrete in taking my street pictures. I carry this crate with my camera and some other stuff around and act like I'm just carrying a crate right? When I see something I just take my time, always watch my surroundings but that should be common sense in Detroit and CLICK! got it. Hide camera in crate again and walk on.

    The media has just a different point of view right?

    You see two pictures of the same object. I took both pictures within 5 minutes. The left one will appear in the national or international press if the reports are about Detroit’s debt or postindustrial related subjects. The right one will appear in local press and will tell you about a new urban garden what just was funded by a city or state based fund.
    If I tell people about Detroit in Europe they always go like; 'Oh but Detroit is like a ghost town right?' Are there people living right now?'  It’s not that strange that the majority of people out of Detroit have a total wrong vision of Detroit in his current state. It’s been fed by the media. The left picture brings more sad feelings above and the right one can make you happy because of the colors and the blooming plants give the picture a positive vibe. But unfortunately the role of the media in our lives is not purposed to make people happy I guess...

    Celebrating Earth Day in the Lincoln Art Park Detroit


    vrijdag, april 25, 2014

    Traveling mattresses everywhere....

    For a strange reason which I don't have figured out yet there are many many traveling mattresses in Detroit. I keep on running in to them and cannot not take a pic since I have this series of 'Traveling Mattresses' worldwide...

    dinsdag, april 22, 2014

    Free books!

    Since the weather is horrible in Michigan I can't go out to take pics. That's why I found myself some books and start studying. But studying the whole day isn't really what I'm used to do so I start cutting images out of them and composing collages based on songs I listen at the moment...
    By the way.. these books are all free, found in the Recycle Centre.

    vrijdag, april 11, 2014

    Back to the basics..


    donderdag, april 10, 2014

    Back in my studio at the Recycle Centre!


    maandag, maart 24, 2014

    The Polar Vortex, a constant taste of blood in my mouth.

    March 1st. I left The Netherlands in a spring state; blossom in my pear tree. We had the mildest winter ever. Not 1 inch of snow in 6 months. Detroit, here I am. I wrestle myself a way through the snow, ice paths and the biting cold. Most of the time I spend inside the house, reading, editing and writing. When I go out for groceries I walk because there's no way I can ride my bike. Once back in the warm house my nose starts bleeding instantly. I believe my body never was in such barbaric temperatures before. 

    zondag, maart 23, 2014

    R.I.P. Selim Lemouchi

    I took this picture of Selim at the Paaspop Festival in Schijndel in 2012. He was performing with his band The Devils Blood, an occult rock band from Eindhoven, The Netherlands. He chooses to step out this life at the age of 33. He will stay in my mind as a very special gifted artist.

    vrijdag, maart 07, 2014

    Signs from different senders.

    I collected a few signs I've seen in the streets of New Orleans. Send out by the government, church, shops or citizens.

    woensdag, maart 05, 2014

    Roadtrip Detroit > New Orleans


    dinsdag, februari 25, 2014

    Residency in the Filter House.

    Happy to be back in this peaceful house.

    maandag, februari 24, 2014

    Tighten up on my way to the D...


    zondag, februari 23, 2014

    The Barter Trade II

    Because of Barter, Jop van der Kroef emailed me and wanted to collaborate. Together we came to this publication. It's a short story about Miles Rose, a 17 year old boy who bought a house in Detroit. I did pictures and text, Jop designed and produced it in edition of 5. It is finished just before I fly out...


    zaterdag, februari 22, 2014

    The Barter Trade I

    So I traded this diptych named 'Save your culture' for a few nice rides on a horse in the beautiful nature of my little country. Keeping horses is a real luxury in The Netherlands, I always had one when I was younger on my parents little farm. Since I moved to a city there's no way of keeping a horse. So I feel blessed by this opportunity to get my connection with horses and nature back. Thanks to Kara!

    woensdag, november 13, 2013

    In the meantime people buying my pictures...


    zondag, november 10, 2013

    Trade your skills for a photo print.

    My work is selected for Barter, in initiative from Foam Lab Amsterdam. It's an auction to get photoprints from young selected talent but you cannot bid with money, you have to trade a skill or certain object. Check this movie for my wishes.

    vrijdag, oktober 11, 2013

    Found new material..


    zondag, augustus 18, 2013

    DETROIT-EINDHOVEN

    woensdag, augustus 14, 2013

    The revolution will not be televised.

    From August until the end of October I will be working in the field. I'm checking out the oil produce in North Dakota and I'm going to work on my documentaries in Detroit. Stay tuned on facebook for the latest reports.

    vrijdag, augustus 02, 2013

    Documentary work

    Just launched a new site full of stories to share. Have a look!

    Damaged Goods euh Bads

    Just before I left Eindhoven my friends Teun Jansen & Erwin Thomasse aka CRACKROCK  curated an epic exhibit in Eindhoven. I was blessed to see it and choosed my favorite work called Piña colada made by Erwin. Right now I try to put this image on the background of an Americain Airlines computer in the lounge on London Heathrow. Left a nice souvenir!

    Erwin is also designer at Vlisco in Helmond, The Netherlands. The company is famous for it's Dutch Wax fabric with colourfull and magic patterns. Check one of his latest dessin here. The model here is wearing a top with a pattern of Erwin's hand on the right an African streetsoldier presenting.

    zondag, juli 28, 2013

    Supertoll Van Abbe Museum

    Did a report of the collab of Tijs Rooijakkers & Fresku. They work together in the eye, it is a special spot in the Van Abbe Museum in Eindhoven.
    Find more info and pics here or here.



    Happy to present the new logo for my studio  CLACK!
    created by the master of pencils

    vrijdag, juli 26, 2013













              From August 1st until half October I will be working in the USA. Pretty much Mid West and Chicago/Detroit area. Drop me a line for collabs or just a coffee; behindthefaces@gmail.com

    vrijdag, juli 19, 2013

    Zomerexpo 2013 Gemeente Museum Den Haag

    This work is selected out ??? works for the Zomerexpo 2013. In this competition you stay anonymous untill your work is chosen. So no nepotism or corruption involved.

     http://www.zomerexpo.nl/

    Learning from Detroit

    Happy to tell you that my work is in this exhibit in Germany.


    zondag, mei 05, 2013

    International Poster and Graphic Design Festival - CIG - Chaumont


    My friends of the Letterproeftuin made this cute little kit for pressing miniposters. They are taking it to Chaumont to the International Poster and Graphic Design Festival.

    The Coup show Bevrijdingsfestival Utrecht 2013









    THE  COUP POWER  DONT MISS THEM ON AFROPUNK FESTIVAL NYC 24-25 AUGUST NYC